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The cholesterol myth - part two

Home Fats: Good or Bad and Cholesterol The cholesterol myth - part two
Published on October 11, 2025 | Fats: Good or Bad and Cholesterol, Power supply, Wellness, Uncategorized
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The origins of the myth about fat and the heart

When did the war on fat start? To cholesterol?

In the 1950s, an American physiologist, Ancel Keys, forever changed the way the

world thought of fats.

His theory-that fats in the diet increased cholesterol in the blood and this

caused heart disease-it became the basis of modern nutritional guidelines.

But what was really behind this hypothesis? And how well-founded was it?

 

From rabbits to humans

Initially, studies on atherosclerosis were based on experiments conducted on the rabbits,

Herbivorous animals that easily developed arterial lesions when fed foods of

animal origin. Keys and other researchers transposed these findings to humans, hypothesizing.

that the dietary cholesterol Was the culprit.

However, as early as the early 1950s, the same human experiments showed.

which increasing cholesterol in the diet did not change cholesterol levels in the

blood.

Keys himself admitted this in 1954: "The cholesterol content of the diet does not have an effect

significant on either blood cholesterol levels or atherosclerosis in humans."

 

From blaming cholesterol to blaming fat

Having failed to make a direct association between dietary cholesterol and blood cholesterol, Keys changed

target: he decided that the problem was no longer cholesterol, but the total fats.

In 1953 he presented a graph showing an apparent correlation between consumption of

fats and does mortality from heart disease In six countries.

(The graph shows the correlation between deaths from heart disease and the percentage of
calories derived from fat compared to total calories consumed. In a nutshell, the graph
shows: more fat intake=more deaths from heart disease).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

But two epidemiologists, Yerushalmy and Hilleboe, they noticed something strange:

data were available for 22 countries, not just six-and, including all of them, the correlation

disappeared.

(Graph almost identical to the one above. Difference: fat consumption is no longer correlated
With an increase in deaths from heart disease. For example: In Norway (17) there is a
much higher fat consumption than in Israel (11), but in Norway there are
However, far fewer deaths from heart disease. In Mexico (14) there is a consumption of
fat similar to that of Israel (11), but still in Israel the number of deaths from
heart disease is significantly higher. Ergo, it cannot be argued that there is a
causal correlation between fat consumption and deaths from heart disease. They need to be
other factors in play).

 

The logical fallacy

Yerushalmy and Hilleboe highlighted more errors:

1. 2. 3. the definitions of "heart disease" were arbitrary,

other nutrients (such as the animal protein) showed even stronger correlations,

and a greater share of carbohydrates in the diet was associated with more mortality

elevated for other causes.Their conclusion was clear: there was no evidence that fats caused the

heart disease.

Rather, the consumption of animal fat and protein seemed to reflect the level of development

cheap of countries: richer nations ate more fat and lived longer,

but they died more from chronic causes such as heart attack-not that fat was any

the cause.

In parallel with Yerushalmy and Hilleboe, the British physiologist also. John Yudkin observed

That heart disease seemed to be follow wellness, not fat.

Analyzing international data, Yudkin noted that countries with more income, more technology

and more comfort were also those with the higher coronary mortality.

He wrote with subtle irony:

"The strongest correlation I have found with coronary mortality is not with fat,

But with the number of radio and television licenses.

There is almost as good a correlation with the number of registered cars."

Behind Yudkin's humor was a powerful message:

heart disease could be A side effect of modern progress,

not butter or eggs.

In other words, what Keys interpreted as a "fat fault" could actually

reflect the price of development- sedentariness, stress, urbanization, food

industries and a radical change in lifestyle.

The forgotten side: carbohydrates and mortality

Yerushalmy and Hilleboe also deepened the relationship between fat, protein, and

carbohydrates and the causes of death other than heart disease.

The results were surprising:

- A higher percentage of calories from fat was associated with fewer deaths from

other causes (r = -0,657).

- Also the animal protein showed a negative relationship (r = -0.405).

- But the carbohydrates? Here the correlation was positive and strong: r = +0,671.

In practice, The higher the percentage of calories from carbohydrates, the more

increased mortality from causes other than heart disease.

But even here it is merely correlation, not causation.

- Yerushalmy and Hilleboe in 1957 were not proving that. carbohydrates

"cause" more deaths For other diseases.

- They were simply showing that, in the available data at the level of

populations, there was a positive relationship between percentage of calories from

carbohydrates and does non-coronary mortality.This observation served to Questioning Keys' claim of certainty, not to

Reverse the blame.

 

When theory becomes dogma

Keys did not accept the criticism. In 1956 he launched the famous Seven Countries Study,

designed to prove his hypothesis.

The results?

- No correlation between total fats and heart disease.

- A correlation only with the saturated fats, but without proof of causation.

Nevertheless, the public narrative was consolidated: "saturated fat is bad for the heart."

And that belief, born of imperfect correlations and data selections, would drive

decades of guidelines, demonizing natural foods such as butter, eggs and meat.

 

The lecture

The origins of the myth about fats remind us of a fundamental principle:

a correlation is not a cause.

Keys never proved that saturated fat causes heart disease; yet his

assumption, amplified by the media and institutions, has shaped modern nutrition more than

any other theory.

As physiologist George Mann observed in the 1970s, "The diet-heart hypothesis is the most

great scientific deception of our time."

 

MORAL:

The science of nutrition is not static. Many of the dogmas we take today for

discounted arise from methodological errors and hasty generalizations. Understanding the history of the

fat also means learning to question what we think we know.

 

As always, I invite you to debate and discussion.
I look forward to seeing you in the comments...

 

See you soon and have a great weekend!

Oliver Ruatti

15 Responses

  1. Di Santo Gabriella says:
    11 October 2025 at 08:58

    Grazie Oliver,
    Una domanda: se si è a rischio cardiovascolare , si hanno le lacche carotidee, colesterolemia alta (LDLalto) pressione alta e già si segue uno stile di vita sano: quali consigli alimentari darebbe?
    Thank you!

    Reply
  2. Milvia Grani says:
    11 October 2025 at 09:17

    Ciao Oliver
    Mi ero interessata per una visita con tua mamma ma purtroppo mi hanno detto che non riceve più…
    Ho una patologia autoimmune ho fatto paleo keto carnivore e lions ma dagli esami del sangue non e’ cambiato nulla…ho fatto anche digiuno ad acqua 7 giorni per due volte….
    La patologia e’ anemia emolitica per agglutinine fredde.
    E’ uno sfogo… scusa il disturbo

    Reply
  3. Laura Serra says:
    11 October 2025 at 09:46

    Grazie per la spiegazione semplice e completa
    Soffro di ipercolesterolemia da sempre (ho 56 anni) …da quando i valori massimi di colesterolo totale erano 250 mg. Io a tutt’oggi,senza Ezetimibe sono a 360
    Da poco faccio controllare altri parametri LDL HDL ecc …
    Mi hanno fatto ‘ingurgitare’ olio di soia e margarina per anni.
    Da quando seguo le indicazioni di recente acquisizione ho sicuramente migliorato la mia digestione e l’infiammazione di basso grado di cui tanto si parla. Pian piano ho attuato molti cambiamenti dal digiuno intermittente al consumo congruo di proteine (uova comprese!) ,dall’earthing in giardino la mattina alla doccia fredda e alla foto io modulazione.
    Il guaio è che spesso le persone con cui parlo di queste cose sono ottuse,poco propense al cambiamento. Praticamente….un muro di gomma. La curiosità è il motore che ci spinge alla conoscenza e nn è una dote così diffusa!
    Purtroppo non è facile trovare professionisti che abbiano questa mentalità aperta. Io vivo a Genova e spesso mi devo spostare alla ricerca di medici di cui io riesca a fidarmi.
    Grazie ancora per il tuo impegno.
    Menomale che esistono persone e futuri medici che ci danno un po’ di speranza…!!!
    Buon lavoro

    Reply
  4. Paola says:
    11 October 2025 at 09:56

    Articolo illuminante. Ho intenzione di rileggerlo più volte per fissarne i principi esposti.

    Reply
  5. Lauretta Demicheli says:
    11 October 2025 at 10:04

    Dottoressa sono sempre più convinta che ho fatto la cosa migliore seguendo i suoi consigli. Grazie .

    Reply
  6. Paola Autorino says:
    11 October 2025 at 10:46

    Grazie mille come sempre per la spiegazione esaustiva e chiara di tutti questi dati. Sto seguendo ormai da un anno la dieta low carb e devo dire che sto molto bene. L’unica cosa che non posso fare a meno di chiedermi è come è possibile che un’intera comunità scientifica non abbia colto tutte queste discrepanze e omissioni. Posso immaginare che ad un certo punto le case farmaceutiche abbiano avuto un’influenza su linee guida ecc ma mi chiedo come sia possibile essere arrivati a quel punto. Nessuno oltre agli scienziati citati si è posto il dubbio che la teoria fosse sbagliata? Non c’è nessun intento polemico, solo un dubbio che mi pongo ogni volta che qualche conoscente mette in dubbio il modo in cui mangio. Grazie mille

    Reply
  7. Anna maria Zappavigna says:
    11 October 2025 at 13:25

    Grazie dottoressa Tomas per quanto fa nel divulgare verità che molti
    Non conoscono e non approfondiscono Una sua follower

    Reply
  8. Ulricke Bachmann says:
    11 October 2025 at 13:27

    Ciao Oliver, Grazie grazie grazie, finalmente abbiamo dato un nome a questo mito! Quando dico che mangio circa 30-40 uova a settimana, carne e burro a volontà, vengo guardata con occhi sbarrati. A maggior ragione perché sono un’infermiera e dovrei sapere benissimo che i grassi fanno aumentare il colesterolo! Ma la cosa che mi scoraggia di più é che ne é convinta anche la classe medica di nuova generazione! Da uno di loro mi é stato addirittura detto: “se mangi tutte queste uova ti verrà la gotta”😝! Ma io vado avanti per la mia strada e cerco di divulgare la verità sul colesterolo alle persone che sono disposti a capire! Ogni tanto qualcuno lo trovo! Grazie a te, tua madre e persone come voi per il vostro impegno…non demordete!

    Reply
  9. Maria Pia Napolitano says:
    11 October 2025 at 14:06

    Buongiorno Dottoressa..mio figlio fatto controllo, colesterolo 300 e trigliceridi 600 sono molto preoccupata .. prescrizione di rosuvastatina e omega 3 e eliminazione di alcuni alimenti..cosa ne pensa della cura prescritta..grazie

    Reply
  10. Anna Pulvirenti says:
    11 October 2025 at 18:15

    Ma allora cosa fa alzare il colesterolo? E soprattutto cosa causa le placche nelle arterie? Soprattutto le placche molli, le più pericolose? Come fare prevenzione?

    Reply
  11. Maria Monteleone says:
    11 October 2025 at 19:02

    Perfetto! Ma tutti dicono che comunque il colesterolo oltre il valore di 300 va diminuito, che si fa?
    Basta togliere i carboidrati e gli zuccheri?
    E dopo circa quanto tempo possiamo eventualmente vedere risultati?
    Thank you

    Reply
  12. Alfea Faion says:
    12 October 2025 at 06:12

    Ottima analisi…personalmente ne sono convinta

    Reply
  13. Annalisa says:
    12 October 2025 at 09:02

    “Il sapere rende l’uomo libero ”
    Grazie Oliver, alla prossima, spero!!

    Reply
  14. ORNELLA says:
    12 October 2025 at 09:04

    Carissima Dottoressa Cristina, grazie dii cuore per le informazioni che ci doni! Per quanto riguarda il colesterolo, è un argomento a me caro, avendo elevati valori (colesterolo 277 – Hdl 77 – Ldl 195). Ho seguito con molto interesse gli studi vari. Ora mi rimane una domanda: chi produce il colesterolo “cattivo”? Non so se sarà possibile avere una semplice risposta, ma ci spero! Ancora Grazie e buona domenica!
    Ornella Giuliani

    Reply
  15. Claudia Nicoletti says:
    12 October 2025 at 09:23

    Grazie per la rilettura critica della letteratura scientifica, a cui in molti non possono accedere. Trovo molto interessanti gli approfondimenti e confesso che molti specialisti della nutrizione e della salute (penso a nutrizionisti e cardiologi) non ne sanno nulla.
    Io, da quando ho dato il via libera alle proteine animali (uova e carne) ho sconfitto il reflusso e ritrovato le energie.

    Reply

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